Recent research by the National Automotive Care Board found that 86 percent of the vehicles they randomly inspected at state vehicle inspectorates had at least one item that could cause vehicle failures. Fifteen percent of these vehicles had low, dirty, or deteriorated brake fluid. In other words, more than one in ten cars you drive on city streets and highways can break down due to brake fluid problems. Brake fluid is a key component of any hydraulic braking system. Not only is the fluid repeatedly subjected to hundreds of pounds of pressure during movement, but it also serves as a lubricant for the rubber components of the master cylinder, wheel brake cylinders, calipers and hoses. In addition, brake fluid contains corrosion inhibitors that protect hydraulic cylinder bores from rust and pitting. Many modern brake fluids are made from polyalkylene glycol, which is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture. That can be good or bad. Water absorption promotes dissipation throughout the braking system, preventing absorbed water from "pooling” in the lower areas of the braking system where caustic acids can form, causing faster component wear. Water in the brake system also freezes or boils faster than liquid. However, the hygroscopic properties can be poor because the liquid absorbs moisture through porous metal surfaces when the liquid has lost its anti-corrosion properties. % water pollution after several years of use. Fluid changes when replacing a braking system component are always recommended but rarely performed, especially if you are repairing your vehicle in your driveway or garage. Most service centers recommend flushing and refilling; However, cost-conscious consumers may opt out to save some money on the overall bill. A quick search of the owner's manual reveals a recommended service interval of about every three years when flushing and refilling is required. When changing brake fluid, you can choose from several types. The easiest way to determine what fluid your vehicle requires is to consult your owner's manual or look for the specification stamped on the master cylinder reservoir. Most American-made vehicles used DOT 3 brake fluid up until the mid-1990s. DOT 3 brake fluid has a dry boiling point of 284 degrees, which is good for brake systems with large brake drums and thick brake discs, where heat from the brakes can drain easily to disperse. It has a viscosity of approximately 1500 at -40 F. DOT 4 has been used in many UK and European vehicles and is also a polyglycol base. DOT 4 absorbs less moisture than DOT 3 fluid and for this reason many enthusiasts have upgraded their hydraulic braking systems to DOT 3 or DOT 4. Changing the fluid isn't all that's involved in this transition, however. To avoid cross-contamination, you should also replace all rubber components in the braking system. All steel tubing and brake hoses must also be flushed. DOT 4 has a boiling point of 311 degrees Fahrenheit and a viscosity of 1800 at -40 Fahrenheit. DOT 5 is a silicone-based brake fluid used in most new vehicles today. DOT 5 is expensive but has a dry boiling point of 356 degrees. New rotors tend to be smaller and thinner, which means they're much less efficient at dissipating heat. In addition, DOT 5 does not absorb moisture. DOT 5 will not damage painted surfaces and acts as a weather barrier for your braking system to prevent rust. DOT 5 can be used as an upgrade or replacement for DOT 3 and 4 but should not be mixed with other fluids. The procedures for converting your DOT 3 or 4 systems to silicone-based DOT 5 are similar to the Dot 4 conversion procedure mentioned above. Silicone-based brake systems tend to be more difficult to bleed, but once this is done, a DOT 5-filled system will resist rust better and lasts longer than other compounds. Silicone brake fluid is also much lighter in cold temperatures, only about 900 weights at -40 FA. A new formula called DOT 5.1 was recently developed. This fluid is identical in boiling point and viscosity to DOT 5 silicone; However, it is also compatible with polyglycol based systems and anti-lock braking systems. DOT 5.1 can be used in place of polyglycol based fluids, even though its viscosity is only half that of DOT 3 or DOT 4. In fact, DOT 5.1 can be mixed with other non-silicone fluids. Many imported brake fluids also require the use of special brake fluids in order not to void the OE warranty. Pre-2005 Audi and VW vehicles used Super Dot 4 fluid, a light yellow color with a boiling point of 509 degrees Fahrenheit. Volvo, Porsche and Mercedes. Post-2005 Audi and VW use DOT 4 LV, which has a low yellow viscosity and the same boiling point as Super DOT 4. The LV formulation is also used exclusively on Mini, Saab, and BMW vehicles built after mid-2002. Both of these imported fluids are available from Pentosin (as well as others) and sold at many distributors and retailers, but they are not necessarily on the shelf with other more common DOT fluids. Revain, why are you shipping brake fluid?
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