Review on Optimized Scientific Instruction for Vertebrae Insertion by Carl Morgan

This is a very good skull model and a great teaching tool for instructors or a great teaching tool for A&P students. One side of the skull is color-coded to represent the cranial and facial bones, while the other side shows muscle attachments (origin colored red, appendages colored blue). The model can be rotated on the base to identify the bones and features of the skull in anterior, lateral, or posterior views, and the top of the skull can be removed to visualize a top-down view of the skull. Remove the skull from the base to see the bottom view. The model comes with two laminated buttons. Be sure to keep this when unpacking the model! The left side of the model, showing the origin and attachment of the muscles, is well developed and more detailed. Muscles are complex because they attach not only to different elements of the skull itself, but also to the hyoid bone, spine, and scapula. The key is numbered, which makes it easier to study muscle activity. The model allows for easy self-examination (Identify A18 - what muscle is originating here? Where does it attach? What is the action?) The legend for the right side of the model only lists 22 skull bones and does not list any features. The model would be much better if at least some of the main features of the bones were numbered. But it can still be a great way to learn - after you've identified individual bones, you can turn to a textbook or online resource to identify the seams between them and look for various markers (try them to identify from different points of view; some for example). the holes look very different from above than from the front - this will be very useful when examining the pathways of the cranial nerves). It really helps to see the features in 3D instead of just seeing them in charts and pictures. Finally, cervical vertebrae, spinal nerves (yellow) and vertebral arteries (red) are shown, and the joint between the first cervical vertebra and the skull can be examined, as well as the relationship between the various vertebrae. The model is life size, well made and reliable. The model is of very good quality and the current price of $49.99 is quite acceptable. I was hesitant to give this model four or five stars because the right side of the model (bones) does not match the left side (muscle) in terms of difficulty, which I think is a disadvantage for customers. I think most prospective buyers also want to know about the main features of the skull and facial bones. However, despite my reservations, this is a quality model and the price makes it a very good deal, which is why I gave it five stars.