I purchased this rubber on October 15th, 2022, and it is currently the third winter. I looked at the front tires, and they had a lot of spikes, and the core section of the tire was shattered. There was no indication of this on any of my winter tires that I can recall. At the same time, it would appear that the rubber also wears out quite a bit because there are now spikes protruding from it. It was like that on the second Michelin X Ice Nord 2 mine, so presumably there was some kind of marriage with spikes.