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Branched Chain Amino Acids: BCAAs are composed of leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and are considered essential in that they must be obtained from diet. Supplementation causes increased protein synthesis, reduced Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) by preventing an influx of serotonin, and causes glycogen sparing during training, and increased glucose uptake after training. Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR): Acetyl L-carnitine is an acetylated form of carnitine, which is broken down and used in the process of transporting fatty acids to the mitochondria for use as fuel. It also has a secondary, dose-dependent ability to increase lactate clearance. Caffeine: Caffeine is the most commonly used and studied over-the-counter stimulant. It works by antagonizing the adenosine receptors, there by causing increased alertness and wakefulness. This inhibition can also influence the dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and adrenaline systems, thereby reducing RPE (rate of perceived exertion). Taurine: An organic compound that is found throughout animal tissue, it is often confused as being an amino acid, which it is not. Studies have shown benefits when combined w/ BCAAS to alter DOMS, and in isolation has anti-oxidant like effects without blunting exercise-induced oxidative adaptations.