I am giving this 5 stars for removing dog urine odor. I always apply immediately, after I have used towels to soak up the majority of the liquid from the carpet. I then spray in the stain & odor remover, and agitate into the carpet fibers. I then use more towel to soak up, and repeat with the spray.I do not find it to be terribly successful for stains, perhaps because I have a cream carpet. I therefore also use a foaming carpet cleaner in combination with this product, to get rid of the stain. SSee full review