Furnace Filter Problems - An Introduction
Is your furnace not pushing out as much warm air as it used to? Do you notice dust and allergens circulating through your home's air vents? If so, your furnace filter is likely to blame. Furnace filters play a critical role in maintaining proper airflow and trapping contaminants, but they can cause major headaches when not functioning properly.
How Do Furnace Filters Work?
Furnace filters are typically located in the return duct of your furnace just before the blower motor. As air gets sucked into your furnace, it passes through the filter. This traps dust, pollen, pet dander and other particles that would otherwise end up recirculating through your home. Over time, the filter becomes loaded with debris and must be replaced.
Common Furnace Filter Problems
Some typical issues that arise with dirty or failing furnace filters include:
- Reduced airflow - Clogged filters restrict airflow to the furnace, forcing it to work harder.
- Dirty indoor air - Contaminants bypass a plugged filter and get blown into living spaces.
- Higher energy bills - Furnaces consume more energy trying to compensate for restricted airflow.
- Smelly air - Dust and debris in the filter can emit musty odors.
- Frozen evaporator coil - Lack of airflow over the coil allows moisture to accumulate and freeze.
- Shortened furnace life - Excess strain placed on the furnace components can cause early failure.
Signs of a Filter Problem
Be on the lookout for these signs that your furnace filter needs attention:
- Increased utility bills - If your furnace has to work harder, it will use more energy.
- Noisy furnace operation - You may hear rattling, humming or whistling noises.
- Limited airflow at vents - Registers don't output as strongly around the house.
- Stuffiness or staleness - Stagnant, unfiltered air feels less fresh.
- Visible dirt/dust - Check the filter itself for heavy debris accumulation.
- New mechanical odors - Smells from the furnace like burning dust.
Take Action Now
Don't ignore signs of a failing furnace filter. A severely clogged one can damage furnace components and contaminate indoor air. Regular inspection and replacement of your filter will prevent these headaches. Or consider upgrading to a high-efficiency pleated or electrostatic filter to reduce the frequency of changes. Keep your home's air flowing freely and cleanly by staying on top of this critical furnace maintenance task.
Types of Furnace Filters and Their Key Differences
When it comes time to replace your furnace filter, you'll have to choose from a few common options. The major filter types include:
Pleated
The typical, inexpensive furnace filters are pleated panels made of porous paper or cardboard. They have accordion-like folds that provide more surface area for trapping particles. However, they don't capture smaller particles below 10 microns very well. Pleated filters need frequent replacement every 1-3 months.
Electrostatic
Electrostatic filters use static electricity to attract and capture fine dust. They can filter down to 3-5 microns, doing a better job than pleated on small contaminants like pollen and pet dander. Their denser structure also means they don't need replacement as often - about every 4-6 months.
HEPA
HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters can remove over 99% of particles sized 0.3 microns and larger. This includes dust mites, mold spores, bacteria viruses and smoke. Their extreme density and tightly packed fibers require strong airflow, so HEPA furnace filters are mainly used in high-end systems. Expect to change them 2-3 times per year.
| Filter Type | Filtration Size | Replacement Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Pleated | 10+ microns | 1-3 months |
| Electrostatic | 3-5 microns | 4-6 months |
| HEPA | 0.3 microns | 2-3 times per year |
Consider factors like your indoor air quality needs, HVAC system capabilities, and maintenance schedule when deciding on pleated, electrostatic or HEPA filters. Upgrading to a higher efficiency filter can really pay off long-term in cleaner, healthier indoor air.
Understanding MERV Ratings for Furnace Filters
One important specification to check when shopping for a new furnace filter is the MERV rating. MERV stands for "minimum efficiency reporting value" and rates a filter's effectiveness at trapping particles.
What is MERV?
The MERV scale runs from 1 to 16, with higher numbers indicating filters that trap smaller particles. The minimum ratings are:
- MERV 1-4 - Large particles like hair and lint
- MERV 5-7 - Mold spores, dust mites, pollen
- MERV 8-10 - Bacteria, cooking oil, smoke
- MERV 11-16 - Viruses, fine particles below 1 micron
Typical Furnace Filter MERV Ratings
Here are some common MERV levels for furnace filters:
- Pleated - MERV 1-4
- Better pleated - MERV 5-7
- Electrostatic - MERV 8-10
- HEPA - MERV 11-16
Benefits of a Higher MERV
Going with a filter that has a higher MERV can provide benefits like:
- Cleaner indoor air - Traps more allergens and pollutants
- Less dust accumulation - Captures fine particles that settle as dust
- Reduced odors - Filters out smells and chemicals
- Lower risk of illness - Removes more bacteria and viruses
However, increased resistance created by dense filters can also put more strain on your HVAC system. Consult an HVAC professional to determine the optimal MERV rating for your furnace.
Check the MERV Before Buying
Now that you understand the MERV system, be sure to check this rating when purchasing replacement furnace filters. Selecting one in the right MERV range will help ensure a good balance of particle removal and airflow for your home's needs.
When to Replace Your Furnace Filter
Furnace filters play a crucial role in trapping dust, allergens and other particles from the air in your home. But these filters can't do their job forever. As they become loaded up with debris, airflow starts to become restricted. This results in a number of problems that can impact your indoor air quality, HVAC system performance and utility bills. So when should you be changing out your furnace filter?
Standard Replacement Intervals
Most manufacturers recommend replacing basic 1-inch pleated furnace filters every 1-3 months. High performance pleated filters can go 4-6 months between changes. And HEPA or electrostatic filters may only need replacement 2-3 times per year.
Other Factors
The actual optimal replacement interval can vary based on factors like:
- Filter efficiency - Higher MERV rated filters trap more particles.
- Home characteristics - More occupants, pets, dust sources mean faster clogging.
- Hours of furnace usage - Filters in vacation homes won't load as quickly.
- Allergies - Those sensitive to allergens may want more frequent changes.
Signs It's Time
Watch for these signs indicating your filter needs to be swapped out:
- Reduced airflow at registers
- Easier accumulation of dust/pet hair
- Unusual furnace noises or smell
- Higher energy bills for same usage
- Filter appears visibly dirty
Avoid Waiting Too Long
Don't push replacement too long. A plugged filter can lead to:
- Lower indoor air quality
- Strained furnace components
- Higher risk of costly repairs
- Frozen evaporator coils due to low airflow
Err on the side of changing filters more often rather than waiting until they become severely overloaded. Follow manufacturer guidelines for your filter's intended lifespan. And be diligent about regularly checking your filter and replacing as soon as you notice any signs of decreased performance.
How to Safely Change Your Furnace Filter
Replacing a dirty furnace filter is an important maintenance task that you can easily DIY. With proper care, you can swap out the old filter for a fresh one in just a few minutes. Just be sure to take precautions to avoid issues with incorrect installation.
Locate the Filter
Furnace filters are typically found in the return duct right before the blower motor. Consult your owner's manual for the exact location in your system. The filter will slide out from its housing slot.
Check Airflow Direction
Before removing the old filter, look for arrows printed on the frame showing the proper airflow direction. Also check your new filter to verify the arrows match. Installing against the airflow will severely reduce performance.
Turn Off Power
Switch off power to your furnace at the circuit breaker. This ensures the blower doesn't turn on while you have the filter removed.
Remove Old Filter
Slide out the used filter from its track. Note if it feels very dirty or shows physical damage. Discard disposable filters; permanent ones can be cleaned.
Inspect Housing
Check inside the empty filter housing for any debris that needs to be cleaned out before inserting the new filter.
Insert New Filter
Slide the fresh filter into the slot, following the marked airflow direction. Ensure it is seated fully and evenly within the track.
Restore Power
Turn furnace power back on at the circuit breaker.
Run System
Turn on your thermostat fan to "On" briefly to ensure normal airflow. If you feel little output at the registers, re-check the filter installation.
With these simple furnace filter replacement steps, you can keep your HVAC system breathing easily. Just be vigilant about double-checking the airflow direction, and change filters as soon as they appear dirty to prevent air restriction issues.
Why Hire a Pro for Furnace Filter Service
While a simple furnace filter replacement seems like a DIY job, you may want to have an HVAC technician handle it. Professionals have experience and tools that allow them to provide enhanced filter service and prevent issues.
Proper Sizing
Technicians can ensure you have the right size filter to fit your furnace housing and airflow needs. An improperly sized filter won't filter effectively.
Optimal Fit
Experts are skilled at installing the filter with a full, even seal around the edges. Gaps let unfiltered air bypass the filter. Improperly seated filters also rattle, allowing dust to enter the furnace.
MERV Analysis
A pro can recommend the ideal MERV rating filter that balances filtration performance and airflow resistance for your HVAC system's capabilities.
Duct Inspection
When changing the filter, technicians perform a duct inspection. They look for leaks or detachments that could be harming system performance and air quality.
Troubleshooting
A technician can diagnose underlying issues if you've noticed reduced airflow or other filter problems. Professionals have specialized tools to test pressure, airflow and find restrictions.
Comprehensive Care
HVAC companies often offer discounted multi-service maintenance plans. This allows them to handle the filter swap along with a full system inspection and cleaning.
For optimal furnace performance and energy efficiency, having a trained technician handle filter changes and upgrades is worth the minimal costs. Be sure to schedule seasonal maintenance visits.
Best Furnace Filter Brands
Choosing from the many furnace filter brands on the market can be tricky. Factors like performance, durability and value for the money will impact satisfaction. Based on consumer reviews and HVAC contractor recommendations, here are some of the top options to consider.
3M
A trusted brand for HVAC and industrial filters, 3M offers a full line of furnace filters. Their Filtrete brand of electrostatic filters earn praise for high efficiency particle removal down to 0.3 microns. Many homeowners report excellent results preventing dust accumulation and fewer allergy symptoms.
Honeywell
Known for thermostats and home comfort products, Honeywell is another leading name in furnace filters. Their electrostatic filters with patented FPR pleat technology score well for effectively trapping pollen, smoke and pet dander. Prices are competitive for the performance level.
Nordic Pure
Specializing in air purifiers and filters, Nordic Pure receives positive homeowners’ reviews for helping keep HVAC systems clean and breathing freely. Their MERV 8 to MERV 13 pleated and pleated electrostatic furnace filters consistently rate well above average for particle capture efficiency.
Aprilaire
A trusted HVAC equipment manufacturer, Aprilaire offers a full selection of filtration products. Contractors recommend the Aprilaire pleated filters for high capacity debris holding ability at affordable prices. The Allergen Clean Coat electrostatic models also draw praise for trapping allergens.
| Brand | Key Benefits |
|---|---|
| 3M | High efficiency Filtrete electrostatic options |
| Honeywell | Competitively priced electrostatic filters |
| Nordic Pure | Broad range of well-performing pleated filters |
| Aprilaire | Reliable performance at budget prices |
Be sure to match the filter to your HVAC system's recommendations. With any brand, regular replacement is key to maintaining indoor air quality and system performance.
Scoring Amazon Prime Savings on Furnace Filters
With regular furnace filter replacements needed to keep your HVAC system running cleanly and efficiently, the costs can really add up. Luckily, an Amazon Prime membership can help you score discounts on filters and other home items.
Prime Benefits for Filter Buying
A Prime membership provides a few key money-saving perks when ordering furnace filters online:
- Free shipping - No delivery fees on millions of Prime-eligible items.
- Low prices - Special discounts and sales exclusive for Prime members.
- Convenience - Easy reordering with one-click buttons for household essentials like filters.
Tips for Maximizing Furnace Filter Savings
Follow these tips to keep your filter costs minimal with a Prime membership:
- Enable reordering reminders based on your ideal replacement frequency so you never forget.
- Check the Upcoming and Current Deals pages for discounts on popular brands.
- Use the Amazon Coupons page before buying to find active promo codes.
- Opt for monthly Subscribe & Save deliveries to earn an additional 5% off.
- Take advantage of lightning deals and Prime Day specials.
Offsetting the Prime Membership Cost
The $139 annual Prime fee may seem steep. But consider these subscription offsets specifically for furnace filter savings:
- At $7 per filter shipped free vs. $10 locally, 5 yearly changes cover the fee.
- An extra 5% off from Subscribe & Save covers nearly 3 filter changes.
- Claiming just one $20 Prime Day deal makes up for 14 months.
View your Prime membership as an investment toward reduced costs and convenience for essentials like furnace filters. Spend some time learning the Amazon shopping system, and you can easily recoup the fee amount in yearly savings.
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Find The Best Furnace Filter For Your Home
When looking for the best furnace filter for your home, it is important to consider the make and model of your furnace, the size and thickness of the filter, and the MERV rating. Here are some top picks from various sources:
- Filtrete Dust, Pollen, & Pet Dander Air Filter - This filter has a MERV 8 rating and is a popular pick for general household use. It reduces large particles in the air along with visible dust on flat surfaces.
- Filtrete AC Furnace Filter - This filter is a top pick for its affordability and effectiveness at keeping large particles from clogging your HVAC unit. It has a MERV 5 rating and should be replaced at least every 90 days.
- Nordic Pure MERV 12 Pleated AC Furnace Filter - This filter is a top pick for its high MERV rating and ability to capture small particles. It is also made in the USA.
- Filtrete Smart Air Filter - This filter traps contaminants such as pollen, dander, smoke, viruses, and bacteria. It has a small integrated sensor that monitors airflow efficiency and gives you up-to-date information on air filter status. You can also enable auto-reorder by enabling Alexa.
- Aerostar 12x12x1 MERV 13 Pleated Air Filter - This filter is a top pick for its ability to capture small particles and its high MERV rating. It is also affordable.
- Honeywell Furnace Filters - This filter is a top pick for its high MERV rating and effectiveness at capturing small particles. It is also made in the USA.
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What Is MERV Rating And How Does It Affect The Furnace Filter's Performance?
MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, which is a nationally recognized measurement system used to rate every air filter. The rating is based on a filter's ability to capture larger particles between 0.3 and 10 microns. The higher the MERV rating, the better the filter is at trapping specific types of particles. Here are some ways that MERV rating affects the performance of a furnace filter:
It is important to balance indoor air quality with your HVAC system’s capabilities when selecting a furnace filter. Getting filters with the right MERV ratings is essential to ensuring your air is well-filtered without overworking your HVAC system.
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