A newer blockchain model we’ve seen a lot of recently is the use of side chains. Here the Dapp is built not on the blockchain, but on top of the Blockchain, and each side chain has it’s own technology and economy and the transactions are done on the side chain so it doesn’t burden the Blockchain. Only the results of the transactions are recorded on the Blockchain, so it’s not burdensome at all, and this is a great solution for scalability.
Examples of current projects that use side chains include EOS and Loom.