Slightly oversize the recommended 1/2" hole for a brass threaded insert if the hardwood (oak) shank could not be threaded into the 1/2" hole. without breaking the insert. Going from 12.7mm (1/2 inch) to 3mm did the trick. Fits 1/2" chuck but barely as it's not scaled down to 1/2" but I figured most power tools are imported/exported and a 13mm chuck size is too easy for other markets.