At the core of Zcash technology are zero-knowledge proofs, which allow transaction data to be validated without revealing information about the amount and the parties involved. Zcash uses specific zero-knowledge proofs called zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge).
Zcash is built on strong science and audited meticulously by third parties. It is an open-source protocol, built by a security-specialized engineering team, and originally based on Bitcoin Core's battle-tested codebase.